The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times.
 

}       Co-founder

   合作创始人

   found是创立，建立，建设

}       I never thanked you for saving my life!

   电影《阿甘正传》别人对阿甘说的话。意思是你救了我我从来还没有说过谢谢。

}       Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveler is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot. During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.

}       What is the rash, if we are building something for eternity.

   常说“There is no rash.”是不要急。这句话的意思是不要着急，如果我们要为永恒做点事情的话。

}       About/around

   about 在这里的用法比较特别，相当于around. 这里的 As there are so many people about, 意思是由于这里有很多人。

}       In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to – minus 30 and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.

}       I feel as though I’ve got a fever, but my temperature was normal.

   temperature 可以直接做体温讲。这句话的意思是
我感觉我像发烧了一样，但是我的体温却是正常的。

}       Minus sign/plus sign
positive/ negative

   minus 是负，减的意思。minus sign/plus sign 是负号/正号，也可以用 positive/negative 表示。

}       The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard’s monastery.

}       Welcome:
You are (quite) welcome.

   不用客气
You are (always) welcome.
这样一句话可以表示它本身的意思，就是你是受欢迎的，或你总是受欢迎的。
My pleasure.
Think nothing of it.
Don’t mention it.
Any time.

这几句话都是别人对你表示谢谢的时候说的客套话。

Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? People who live in Britain needn’t despair when they made mistakes like this (and a lot of people do)! Fortunately for them, the Bank of England has a team called Mutilated Ladies which deals with claims from people who fed their money to a machine or to their dog. Dogs, it seems, love to chew up money!

}       Washing machine:

   洗衣机。说得更多的是：
laundry machine
laundry detergent

   洗衣粉
do laundry
洗衣服

}       chew :

    嚼的意思
Here, take this pill, don‘t chew it.
这句话的意思是，这个药不要嚼

}       A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John, runs a successful furniture business. John had a very good day and put his wallet containing $3,000 into the microwave oven for safekeeping. Then he and Jane went horse-riding.

}       Concern:
This doesn’t concern you.

   表示跟谁无关，这句话是最熟悉的。concern 是担心，关心的意思，“this”不会引起你的担心，所以跟你无关。这句话是这样来的。
It’s none of your business.

   这句话不太礼貌，这句话也是大家比较熟悉的。
What you do is nobody’s business.

   你干什么跟别人无关。这是比较平淡的一句话。
It’s nothing to do with you.

As far as my fiancé is concerned, I can do no wrong. And vise verse.

   as far as…concerned: 就……来讲。这句话的意思是，对我的未婚妻来说，我做什么都不会做，反过来也一样。就是说反过来说，她做什么我都觉得特别好。

}       When they got home, Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well. Imagine their dismay when they found a beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!

}        

Wallet →   

purse →

}John went to see his bank manager who sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies! They examined the remains and John got all his money back. ‘So long as there’s something to identify, we will give people their money back,’ said a spokeswoman for the Bank. ‘Last year, we paid $1.5m on 21,000 claims.

}       So long as :
as long as you’re under my roof you’re gonna live by my rules.

   so long as 与 as long as 意思是一样的。so long as不是很常见，as long as比较常见。这句话是这样的意思：

    只要你在我的屋檐下，你就要按我的规则做事。

}       Identify :

   这个词是来自identity身份，identify是动词，就是找出，确认身份的意思。在国外的教科书，或者考试的时候你会看到这个词，可以说是比较经常地看到这个词。
The goal is to identify sets that have even numbers.

    这道题的目的是找到含有偶数的集合。sets集合，中学学数学的时候常看到这个词，那么这里指什么样的集合？是含有偶数的集合，even numbers 偶数。

The expensive shops in a famous near Piccadilly were just “opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o’clock and had only just finished

}       eight o’clock:
Do you have the time?
What time is it?
What time do you have?

   这几句话都是问几点钟。但前两个问得比较多，最后一个问得比较少。

}       Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.

}       Gazing:/staring

    这里我要说的是stare/staring, 因为这个词非常常用，gaze/gazing 不是很常见。
Stop staring, you’re freaking me out.

    不要再看了，你让我觉得很不自在。freak…out,我举个非常形象的例子，如果你刚见到一个女孩就说要和她上床的意思，如果对方又是个正经女孩的话这时你就freak her out，你吓到她了。A:WouId you stop staring at her?
B:I wasn’t staring.

A: 你能不能别再看了？

B: 我没看啊。

   The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its home blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweller’s. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.

}       Silence/silent:
You don‘t need to fill these silences.
比如说大家都没说，尴尬的平静着，这时你没话找话，对方说You don’t need to fill these silences. 就是说，你没必要打破这种平静，没必要没话找话这样的意思。
You have the right to remain silent or to consult the lawyer.

   你可以保持沉默或者找律师。

}       While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.

}       notice :

   一下三句话都是提前给通知的意思。
You have to give them at least two weeks’ notice.
如果你想从你租的房子搬走，你得先给房东通知。在国外至少要提前两个月的通知。这句话是两个星期的通知。
How can we move on such short notice?
房东要你搬走也要提前给通知。如果房东没这样做，那么这句话是你怎么让我三天就搬走的意思，那么短的时间我怎么搬呢？我没有足够的时间搬家。
I can come on an instant’s notice.

    这句话可以用在找工作的时候，人家问你什么时候可以来上班呢，你可以这么说，就是我随时都可以，随时都行的意思。

The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

}       Scrambled:

   我要引出来的是炒，炒鸡蛋的炒。
A:How would you like your eggs?
B:Scrambled, please.

Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their reader with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refuse to publish it. The article began: ‘Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president’s palace’. The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

}       Fred gave the right answers to the questions the instructor asked.

    instruct，是给别人填充，给别人传输知识。有时候他带点命令的色彩。例句的意思是，Fred 正确地的回答了讲师的问题。

}       A: I’ve had my new stereo for a whole week. But I haven’t yet figure out how to record a cassette.
B: Didn’t an instruction manual come with it?

   这个音响我买了一个星期了，但是我到现在还不知道怎么用磁带去录音。cassette是放磁带的卡盒。instruction manual 是说明书。come with it，说明你买这个音响的时候，附带了说明书。

}       I  am the president of the united states.

}       president 不仅可以称为总统，所有组织的最高领导人都可以叫做 president。另外，the united states 在北美很多人都会说成 the states。

}       The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.

}       Origin – original – originally
origin 坐标轴的原点
Original – hard copy – notarized copy

   当你复印东西时，复印件就是 hard copy,你去公证一样东西，公证出来的拷贝叫做 notarized copy，原先那个原件即是original。
The seminar originally scheduled for today has been cancelled.

    本来预定在今天的研讨会被取消了。seminar  研讨会

}       A week later, the editor at last received a fax from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that the he had been arrested while counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.

}       Be allowed to
you‘re allowed only one mistake.
你只能犯一次错误。
You are not allowed to laugh at my joke.
我讲的笑话你不准笑。
Am I allowed to drink anything?

     我能喝点东西吗？

These days, people who do manual work often receive far more money than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to as “white-collar workers’ for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Alfred Bloggs who worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

}       Pay:

   这里是薪水的意思。
take-home pay →

    是你能够拿回家的薪水，因为要交税。
(after taxes) net income

   （税后）也可以说是net income 纯收入    
(before taxes) gross income
   （税前）也可以说是gross income 毛收入

}       privilege: 小红帽

    这个词其实是指一种特权，一种特惠。比如说你去坐火车，有那种小红帽，如果你给小红帽5块钱，就可以先上车，那么，这就是你用5块钱买到的privilege。还有就是例如会员，加入会员是需要钱的，如果问我买了会员会得到什么好处呢？就是：
what is the privilege of buying the membership?

When he got married, Alf was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job. He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.

}       Embarrass:

   窘迫，难堪
Am I the only one that this is embarrassing for?

   难道我是唯一一个使这件事情造成难堪的吗？

}       After jump-starting my car-
A: I don’t know how to thank you.
B: No problem. What are neighbors for?
 for 在句子最后由一种用法。有一次冬天，我的车打不着，一个老外挺热心的用一个叫做 cable的将两辆车连起来。英文中这种打车的方法叫做 jump-start。我当时说 I don’t know how to thank you. 他说没事，邻居嘛。邻居是用来干嘛的？就是可以用来帮忙的。提到“No problem”，当别人跟你说谢谢，你可以说No problem ；当别人跟你说对不起，你也可以说No problem 。上述的例子还可以这样替换——
What are friends for?
What are brothers for?

}       That was the most humiliating thing ever.

    那是前所未有的难堪。这里ever 放在最后，在口语里边是经常用的，表示从来没有过。humiliating 比 embarrassing 程度要深，带有一种耻辱的难堪。

Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit. He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night. He took a shower and changed back into his suit.

}       Suit：

   西装。我有一次上课，那门课叫做 business communication。老师说要做presentation，一般作 presentation 都要穿西装。这时有一个学生问不穿西装行不行，老师是这样说的：
You don’t have to wear suit, but you gotta be business-like.

   你可以不穿西装，但你要看起来像个做生意的。即是看起来比较正规，别拉里邋遢的。

A: What do you think of the suit? With this new job, I’ve got to start dressing more professionally.
B: Well, the style is fine. You might want to reconsider the choice of color.

   这是托福听力里的一段对话。A问，你觉得我的西装怎么样？因为换了新的工作，我想穿得更好看更专业一点。回答是，款式还可以，但是这个颜色你可能得考虑一下。

}       Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf’s wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will, for Alf has just found another job.

}       Kept his secret :

   保守秘密
I am an excellent secret keeper.
 我这个人守口如瓶。secret keeper 即是保守秘密的人。

}       Married:
I’ve never been engaged. I’ve never really been married.

   我从来没有定过婚，我也没有结过婚。I’m not getting married! I’m not even engaged.

   我没有结婚，我连订婚都没有。

I’m never gonna be getting married!

   我不会结婚的。

}       He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs’, not ‘Alf’.

}       Call:
You can call me Bill.
Just call me Bill.

  叫我Bill 就行了。
They are on a first-name basis.

   他们比较熟了。假如你的fist-name 是Bill,我的 fist-name 是Mark,那么两人见面直接喊fist-name 比较亲切，两人比较熟了才这样称呼。