}  The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from. Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed. Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away. It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.

}  Litter:

    动词，指乱扔东西
Do not litter!

    别乱扔东西
Let’s not be a litterbug!

    litterbug 是指乱扔东西的人

}  Not that:
Not that we don‘t want you to stay, obviously you’re welcome.
并不是说我们不想然你呆在这里，很显然我们都很欢迎你。Not that 后面可直接跟句子

}  Sense of danger/humor/direction
这三个词本书都出现过

}  As we bumped over eh dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders. The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.

}  Track:
You are on the right track.

   你走的路很对
Tracking number

    快递的跟踪号码。一般你可以在网上输入这个号码，可以查看你的包裹到哪里了
Trackable ← Capable of being tracked
你的包裹如果是capable，就可以查到它在哪了

}  Sooner or later:
Talented people are bound to get lucky sooner or later.

    有天分的人迟早都会是幸运的人，因为机会只给训练有数的人

}  What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes. But there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped.

}  In response to
in response to a gust of wind…(lesson18)

}  Renew/review

   renew 主要是给会员，当membership来讲。譬如你的会员快到期了，便需要renuw 一下；review 作为名词时，尤其是在学校说的review 就是说读后感，作为动词时，就是复习的意思。

}  Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car. We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was tow feet wide and four feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zigzag course.

}  Extended warranty:

   如果你买了一样东西，它的保修期是一年；如果你想让它的保修期为三年，则需要再交钱，这样的一个warranty 就叫做 extended warranty。
Is it under warranty?

    有保修期吗？
What kind of warranty does it carry?

    这个东西的保修是怎么样的？
You can extend the warranty to 3 years by paying an extra ﹩125.

    你再交125块钱，保修期就可以变成三年。
I’ll take this VCR with an extended warranty.
我要买这个VCR还有一个扩展的保修期。

}  Effect:
side-effects

   副作用。尤其是指药物的副作用

}  Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt. A yellow light on the dashboard flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!

}  Cheer:
Cheers!
I‘d like to make/propose a toast.
这里的toast 就是祝酒辞。意思是大家举杯，我要说两句
cheer up
Thanks for trying to cheer me up.

   谢谢你做了那么多事情让我开心。Cheer up 是让人开心，让人高兴起来

}  Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have.

}  Record：
动/名词发音不一样
蒙特利尔（ Montreal）
 注意发音

}  Mass：
mass media

    大众传媒。大学里的一个专业

}  Rely on: /depend on
it depends /it happens

    看情况而定/这很正常，是会发生的
Let me know what happens.

    这是和别人告别时说的话，意思是发生了什么要告诉我

}  They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.

}  Task:
I am soft of in the middle of another task here.
我现在忙着呢；我在做别的事情

}  Clues: hints

   提示；线索
(code hints)
用Dreamweaver写代码的时候，你写一个h，那么它就会提示用h开头做代码的有哪些，这种就叫做 code hints。

}  Available: accessible 
中文中没有一一对应
internet access

    你有网线，可以上网，这种就叫做internet access

}  Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.

}  Assumed: /presume

   有一个同学作弊的时候被逮到了，可能会被开除，这时候有一个老师比较nice,安慰她说——
You’re just presuming that.

   你现在只是在假设；意思就是说只是你自己在这想，并没有说要开除你了。它的意思就相当于——
That’s not really what（you think）already happened .

}  Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusks of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.

}  Symbol
Flash Symbols (graphics, button, movieclip)

    英文的flash这个软件用的是symbols。Symbols 包括括号里那三种

}  World:
It’s a small world!

    世界真小。尤其是用在熟人或朋友在某一个地方偶然相遇时。下面这两个意思一样
Small world, isn’t it?
What a small world!

}  Code：

    密码，代码
decode /demystify/ deregulate

    解密   非神秘化   本来已经是regulate 的东西，把它变得不regulate，就是deregulate

}  It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing.

}  Primitive type:
reference type (JAVA变量)
 这两个是Java语言的两个变量；primitive 原始的

}  Depicted: describe

    描述，描绘
There are no words to describe how beautiful you are.

    没有语言可以形容你有多漂亮
I can’t describe how excited I am now.
That is absolutely indescribable!
实在是无法形容

}  Writing:

    这里是指板书
I can’t recognize your writing.

    我看不清你写的是什么。上课时如果老师的板书你看不清的话可以这样说

}  It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.

}  Real:
Really?/That’s for real?

   真的吗？
That’s for sure?
 我有一次在图书馆卖书，几本书用一个皮袋装着。有一个老外买了这几本书，然后我说这袋子也给你，他就问，是真的吗？就有了下面这样的对话——
A:For real?
B:Absolutely! I don’t sell books for a living you know.

      当然了。我又不是已卖书为生

}  We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms; flights may be cancelled because of bad weather, but trains must be on time.Only an exceptionally heavy snowfall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.

}  The seminar originally scheduled for today has been cancelled

    这个本来定在今天的研讨会被取消了。
cancel 取消；如果说你电话不用了，要取消，就可以用这个词；本来约好的事情你想去，取消约会，也可以用这个词。

}  All/far/way
all too easy 这里的all 是用来形容 too 的。too 是副词，那么 all 肯定也是副词。口语里边用来形容too 用得更多的是way, 它的意思还是too
It‘s obviously way too early for us to be having that conversation.
很明显，我们现在说这些话太早了。
You’re thinking about this way too much.
too much 本来就是太多的意思，这里加上way，再次形容“太多”
Things are getting way out of control.
本来事情是无法控制了，用了way ,即又形容了一次，加强了无法控制的程度。

}  After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted mere one hour and seventeen minutes.When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this did not strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many local people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.

}  为什么 couldn’t help doing sth 是禁不住做某事

   这句话为什么翻译成这个意思——

}  因为这里的help是 control 的意思

}  Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder, It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived.

}  No Wonder
I began to wander 我开始怀疑；开始纳闷；开始犯嘀咕。No wonder 没有什么感到奇怪的；难怪。
M: Can you believe the way Larry was talking to his roommate?  No wonder they don’t get along.
你知不知道Larry 是怎么跟他的roommate 说话的，难怪他们合不来。
M: Well,  maybe Larry was just reacting to something his roommate said. There are two sides to every story you know.

    嗯，可能Larry 的roommate 说了些什么不好的话，所以他才这样反应。你知道的，每一个故事都有两个版本。

}  Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. When he denied the train’s existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: ‘This service has been suspended.’

}  in black and white.
白纸黑字；书面的东西
A:I’ ll take you to a movie.
B:Really? Can you put that down in black and white?
Really 是还想确定一下
A:If it’s not delivered by March 5,I’ ll pay you $100 for each day delayed.
B:Great. Will you put that in writing?
A：如果三月5号之前还不能送到的话，每耽误一天我就赔你100块钱。

   B：好啊，你敢不敢写来？；写成书面的东西。

}  We are less credulous than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences — most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero’s mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero’s downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solution totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.

}  Conclusion:

    结论；动词是 conclude
That concludes my presentation.
这是我加拿大的同学在做presentation 的时候说的最后一句话

}  Alive:
Thanks for being alive.

    感谢活着
Thanks giving with no turkey is like the fourth of July with no apple pie.
这是感恩节时，老师问Thanks giving 为什幺要吃 turkey；我说了这样一句话；老师说“ well said ,well said”

}  And so on: etc.
等等……

}  Naïve：

    天真的，幼稚的，反义词是——
Sophisticated

    干练的，老练的，复杂的

}  In real life:
in reality (with only these theories ,you just can’t fly in reality)
在现实生活中。有一回一位商人到我们教室讲话，说了这句话: with only these theories ,you just can’t fly in reality  这些理论在现实生活中不见得能飞起来，就是说不见得能成功。

}  Circumstances:
Noting Hill
在Noting Hill 这部电影里边最后的时候，男主人翁问了女主人翁这样的问题——
are there any circumstances in which the two of you might be more than just good friends?
有没有一种可能，你们俩会成为超过好朋友的关系？

}  Conspire:
911 conspiracy
这是一种理论；即是说911不是一种恐怖活动，是合谋策划的东西

}  Incredible:

    两个意思，第一个是字面的意思，那么下面的：
not credible
不能相信的，没有信誉度，不值得相信
great – too good to be true

     另外一个是就是这个意思，即是太好了，好得不能相信

}  When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stoped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs. Bussman commented on the workman’s close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother.

}  Taxi:
Can you send a taxi?
Where to?
在国外很多地方，你要叫taxi 是需要打电话的。那么人家会问你，where to? 去哪里？
I need a ride to L.A. international Airport.
我要去LA国际机场
When and where shall we pick you up?
什么时候，在什么地点接你？
In front the Hilton Hotel at 2 o’ clock sharp.
这里的sharp 是指两点整
Are we there yet?

    我们要到了吗？如果你觉得快到了，可以这样问司机；那么司机可能会说，we’re nearly there 快到了。
Keep the change.
你下车给钱的时候，如果收费是8块，你给了10块，然后说不用找了，就可以说 keep the change 不用找了

}  Commented:
No comment!

     没有什么可以评论的，无可奉告

}  Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs. Busssman was fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman.

}  pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war:分词伴随
这是Franz 在反驳那个人的idea的时候说他的兄弟在战争中早已经牺牲了

}  There was a chance in a million that:

   这句话是指机会非常渺茫；很像托福听力里的一个组合：
W: We are supposed to meet John here at the train station.
M: That‘s like looking for a needle in a haystack.
W: 我们应该在这里遇到John。

   M: 那就像是大海捞针。

}  So if you haven’t already had it, chances are you’re gonna get it.

    这句话是说，比如说这个病你从来都没有得过，那么很有可能会得这样的意思。

    chances are 后面跟一个句子在口语里边经常用，就是说很可能有。

}  Needless to say, the man’s name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz’s long-lost brother. When the brothers were reunited, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive. After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit.

}  Reunited: 
family reunion
 reunion 再次团聚

}  It…that he was still alive:
Don’t drink and drive, arrive alive
No drunken driving ×
A big drunken mistake

   有一次在北京的高速公路，好象是京珠高速公路，我看到这样的一个牌子No drunken driving它其实要表达的意思是不要酒后驾驶。但是我在国外看到的是 Don’t drink and drive, arrive alive。像这样的东西，你不能那样直接去翻译；drunken的确是可以这样用，但是在这句话是不能这样用的。比如说A big drunken mistake 就是说一个喝醉酒所犯的错误。但是没有 drunken mistake 这样的说法。

}  The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. Meanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.

}  in the neighborhood:
in the vicinity
附近

}  Become of:
happened to
become of 在这里就等于happened to

}  Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid (分词伴随)

   这里又是分词表伴随。说的是他的家人在空袭中死去了，他找了个地方安静下来。没有必要去区分到底是什么条件啊，状语什么的表伴随，没有意义。

}  The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man’s innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.

}  Those who seek it undertake an arduous journey… :

   本课的 arduous  journey 是指辛苦的，艰辛的历程
…recovering from a long and arduous journey.
(lesson44)
44课这里的arduous journey 是指坐飞机坐得很辛苦。

}  There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like ‘it serves him right‘, we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.

}  it serves him right /he deserves it:
it serves him right这样一句话一般都不是什么好事，就是说他罪有应得l; he deserves it 指他应该得到的，这里可以用来指好的，也可以用来说坏的。
He deserves the best.
他应该得到最好的。
You deserve to be praised.
你应该得到表扬；得到嘉奖。
You deserve to be with someone who appreciates you, and who gets how funny and sweet and amazing, and adorable, and sexy you are.
这样的话其实是夸女孩子的。即是说，你应该跟什么样的人在一起，这个人应该是懂得怎样去欣赏你，知道你是多么的funny, 多么的sweet, 可爱和 amazing。

}  When a thief was caught on the premises of large jewelry store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say ‘it serves him right.’ The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffed cry coming from behind one of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the firefighters could not be certain which one it was.

}  from behind: 双介词连用
Do you think they recognize each other from in there?

   from behind 双介词连用，之前我提到过介词和副词的连用。这个例子出现了 from in there，介词，介词，副词 这样的连用。

}  They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man’s cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the firefighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall.The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

}  The sorry-looking…:
 sorry-looking 本课是指哭丧的脸
…the goddess turned out to be a very
modern-looking woman.(lesson3)
modern-looking 这里是指摩登的女人
Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger…(lesson34)sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged…(lesson35)
sorry-looking
the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat…(lesson48)

The

    ugly-looking 是 good-looking的反义词

}  We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment. It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.

}  What invariably happens … :

   What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment. 在这里，what invariably happens 是主语，由于它是一个句子，那就是主语从句。is 后面是一个句子，它又是一个表语从句。下边是这个结构比较简单的例子——
What you see is what you can get.

   你看到的就是你的得到的；所见即所得。老外把它缩写成wysiwig ，听到老外这样说，你就要知道它是指这个意思。
 

}  Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table, smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process.

}  Keep one eye on：
A:Would you like me to water your plants while 
 you are away?
B:Thanks for the offer, but Mark already said he‘d keep an eye on them.
 A：你不在的时候需不需要我来照顾你的花花草草？

    B：谢谢你的offer,但是Mark说他会帮我留意。

}  Catastrophes/Catastrophic
Disaster/Disastrous

   这两组词要特别注意词性不同，发音不同。
 

}  You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.

}  hang up：

   挂电话
Did you just hang up on me?

   你是不是挂我电话了？
You gotta hang up cause we‘re gonna be late.

    你得挂电话，不然我们要迟到了。

}  attend：                      
Never leave you child unattended in a shopping cart.
这句话表达的意思是不要把孩子放在购物车上，自己去购物，这样不安全

}  Unexpectedly：
Something came up unexpectedly and I can’t make it on Friday.
比如你跟别人约好了，但因为有些想不到的事发生导致不能去了，这时你就可以说这样的一句话。

}  Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue. The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car.

}  Scale：

   在本课是规模的意思。
of our sale / of our size → Eric smith

   这里我提到Eric smith是因为他在一次访谈中说，一个公司做到我们这种规模（ of our sale / of our size ），能打败我们的只有我们自己。这是一点都不夸张的。
scale (称), Eating disorder  进食失调
 作为名词，scale 还有称东西的“称”这样的意思。有一次我的一个同学的roommate 得一种病叫做Eating disorder进食失调，或者叫饮食紊乱；她不能看到 scale,这会提醒她是不是变胖了。

}  Collide：
Collision
 

}  Panic：
Don’t panic.

   不要慌；不要着急

}  This made the driver following her brake hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden.

}  His wife was sitting beside him :
I am hearing what you are saying.

    我在听着呢；我在听。像这种句子不能按时态来翻译。不能翻译成，我正在听你正在说的。

}  Holding:
Can you hold it for me?

    这里的hold 是拿着的意思。你可以帮我拿一下吗？
I’ll be holding you right here.
这里如果你说hold 的时候把手放在胸口，这句话就是在表达“你在我心里”的意思。

}  Thrown:
Chinese throwing star
中国古装的武打片，那些飞镖啊之类的；老外是这样表达的。

}  Windscreen: (All Weather) Windshield Wash
挡风玻璃       Windshield Wash洗刷挡风玻璃的那种液体，有冬天用的和夏天用的；all weather是指四季都可以用的。

}  All of a Sudden：Suddenly

}  The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. This led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was just one of those days!

}  Vehicle：

   可以当作car 来讲，不止是指车辆
Do you have/ own a vehicle?

    你有车吗？

}  sweep up：
Clean up
 这里的副词up给我的感觉是打扫得比较彻底，干净。

}  left：
let’s pick it up where we left off.

    让我们从上一次结束的时候开始。