}                Modern sculpture rarely surprises us any more. The idea that modern art can only be seen in museums is mistaken. Even people who take no interest in art cannot have failed to notice examples of modern sculpture on display in public places. Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. We have got quite used to them. Some so-called ‘modern’ pieces have been on display for nearly eighty years.

}                Take no interest in: 重复出现
 对……不感兴趣。下次再出现的时候我会提到。

}                Got quite used to:

   与 be used to 是同个意思，习惯……
It’s gonna happen a lot, so you’d better get used to it.

    这种事情会经常发生，你最好去习惯它。

}                In spite of this, some people — including myself — were surprise by a recent exhibition of modern sculpture. The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: ‘Do not touch the exhibits. Some of them are dangerous!’ The objects on display were pieces of moving sculpture.

}                In spite of：
 是介词，它的意思是不管，不仅
I don’t love you because you’re organized.
I love you in spite of that.
我爱你不是因为你organized, 我爱你不仅仅是因为你 organized。这句话很多人都会把not 写在 because 前面来表示不是因为……，其实，表示否定的是第一句话。这里还有一个例子——

}                You don’t hire an assistant because she’s pretty,
you hire them because they are qualified.
 你雇用一个助手不是因为她们很漂亮，你雇用她们是因为她们是合格的。

}                Said:
That’s what the policy says!
 这里的 say 有点相当于中文的拟人用法。这句话的意思是，规定是这么规定的；我们的条款是这么写的。

}                Sir, I got confused.Coz Somewhere it says 17, Somewhere it says 15.

    这句话是我在上课的时候，一个同学，加拿大人说的话。老师在讲数学的时候有的地方讲错了，有的地方讲的的是17，有的是15，这个同学就有点complaining,说，老师我我有点迷糊了，你有的地方写的是17，有的地方写的是15，到底是多少呢。

}                Oddly shaped forms that are suspended form the ceiling and move in response to a gust of wind are quite familiar to everybody. These objects, however, were different. Lined up against the wall, there were long thin wires attached to metal spheres. The spheres had been magnetized and attracted or repelled each other all the time.

}                Magnetized：
Magnetically levitated train
magnetized 是磁化，我给出的例子是磁车。

}                Attract:

   在口语中有一种很特别的用法：
Am I attracted to you?

   对于我来说，你是不是attractive。反过来说——
Are you attracted to me?

   你觉得我是不是不attractive

     你可以直接就记住，attractive to谁，谁就是attractive，是不是喜欢谁的意思。

}                In the centre of the hall, there were a number of tall structures which contained coloured lights. These lights flickered continuously like traffic lights which have gone mad. Sparks were emitted from small black boxes and red lamps flashed on and off angrily. It was rather like an exhibition of prehistoric electronic equipment. These peculiar forms not only seemed designed to shock people emotionally, but to give them electric shocks as well!

}                Sparks:

    常说的男女之间的火花，咋个词就是 sparks
I’m pretty sure I saw a little spark between them.

     我非常确定我看他们之间有那个意思。

}                Seemed:
was
seemed 在这里你把它当成was就行了。它只是词性变了（因为seemed 是系动词，was是be 动词），但性质，结构是一模一样的。

}                As well:
A:Take care!
B:You, too.

A:Have a nice day.
B:You as well.

A:Take good care of yourself！
B:Likewise!

     这里的第二段对话“have a nice day”，老外在谈话的时候，要离别了都会说这样一句话，非常的常用。意思是愿你今天过得好，回答是你也一样。Take good care of yourself a照顾      好自己，你还可以回答成 likewise，意思是同样的；对于我来说也是。

}                Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as ‘a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the longest suspension bridge in the world was named after him.

}                By no means:/by all means

   这两个的意思是相对的，看一下例句。 

   A:Shall I call you to let you know about the next meeting?
B: By all means.

   A: 下一次开会的时候我要不要打电话给你。回答相当与“sure”。

}                Internet Explorer:
IE → browsers → Firefox  /Netscape  /Safari

  我们都知道Windows用的浏览器：IE，即是internet explorer。IE 是一种browsers浏览器。浏览器不仅只有IE一种，还有Firefox  /Netscape  /Safari ，这是不同公司出的浏览器。                                                                          

}                Browse:

  I’m just looking.

  I’m just browsing.

  I’m good.

  I’m ok.

   因为browse本身就是浏览的意思，那么当你去商店买东西，售货员可能会走过来问你说有没有什么需要帮忙的，这时你可以用上面的话回答他，表示你还在看，都是同样的意思。
                                                                         

}                I’ll shop around.             

    I’ll do some comparison shopping.

    如果说你想再到处看看，或到别家看看，做些比较，就可以这样说。

}                Probably:

   作为副词，有这样的用法：
That’s probably it.

   这里就是That’s it 加上probably表达这样的一个意义。我有一次修车刷卡的时候，卡没有刷过去，可能是电话线的问题，当时那个technician 就说，可能是电话占线。我说： That’s probably it. 他说，yeah,然后就不知道怎么接了。                                                                       

   That’s pretty much it.   (Health Economics)

   这句话是差不多的意思。pretty much和very much 意思不一样。有一次我上课的时候（这门课叫做Health Economics）， 老师说昨天有一个很大的新闻，有没有人能够告诉什么跟咱们现在讲的和 Health Economics有关的。我对在网上看到的烟草业将来要对人们的健康负责个这条新闻有点印象，便说了两句。老师就说That’s pretty much it. 另外还有下面这一句：                      

    That’s all there is to it.
这句话的意思是，关于这件事就这么多了，该说的都说了。

}                Immortal:

    不朽。中文常说的‘一失足成千古恨’就是——
one mistake and pay for eternity

}                Suspension:

     这里我要说的是国外大学的 dishonesty policy对作弊的惩罚。 有这样几种——
plagiarism                                      
probation   breach probation / break the law          suspension                                                                     expulsion

     最常见的作弊是plagiarism这个词。 Plagiarism是抄袭，考试时抄袭要收到惩罚，特别是写作业剽窃别人的思想，都要受到惩罚。

      各种各样的作弊惩罚分为三个级别。 probation   breach probation / break the law 是留校察看；另外一个是suspension停学；最严重的是expulsion开除；如果你已经被probation了，然后又犯错，就是breach probation ，犯法是break the law，是breach，这两个动词不一样。两者是不一样的。

}                The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.

}                Span：
life span (life expectancy  longevity)

    这几个词组都带有寿命的意思。

}                Span tag / div tag →inline level /block level
 span tag和div tag这两个是相对的，这是html里边的标签，在html里面最重要的就是明白这个tag。 span tag和div tag的区别在于，一个是inline level，一个是block level，

}                Designer：
Graphic designer
(photoshop/ fireworks/ illustrator)
Graphic designer平面设计师。（photoshop/ fireworks/ illustrator)这几个软件都差不多。

}                Programmer→ Eric Smith

    网络主要有要么是programmer 编程师、程序员，要么是上面的graphic designer。一个是主管编程，一个是主管平面设计。有一次我看一个访谈，访问GOOGLE的CEO Eric Smith，问他：其他搜索引擎说了一些要跟GOOLE竞争的话，你怎么回应？，Eric Smith 是这样说的:

“First of all, it doesn’t take words, it takes programmers. ”

     首先我要说的是，不是你说什么就是什么，而是你有什么样的程序员。

}                Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.

}                Alone ：
The CPU alone cost me 200 bucks.
我买了一台电脑，仅CPU就花了我两百块。

}                Wire：
wireless / codeless

   无线。将来就是wireless的时代。

}                It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer’s dream to create ‘an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible’.

}                Estimated：
Overestimated / underestimated

       高估             低估
Out of control / under control
 不在控制之内      在控制之内

    这里要注意，不是所有对应的词前面的介词都是一样的。

}                Capacity：
elevator capacity

    电梯承受重量的能力

}                Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary’s prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen.

}                Tiny:
tiny ← small – big → large → huge
 这是这几个词的大小关系。

}                missing:
W:Why don’t you wear that yellow shirt that your sister gave you for your birthday.
M:I love that shirt. But it’s missing two buttons.

   这是一段来自托福听力的对话。在本课中，the lamb is missing, 是指the lamb 丢了，并不是正在丢。这段对话里头也有 missing ,说的是纽扣丢了，不能翻译成“纽扣正在丢”。从时态上说是正在进行时，但在实际运用的情况下，这种语境表达的是一种事实，一种状态。

}                When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko’s house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb.

}                Such:
Stop/quit  being such a baby!

   不要再像个小孩子一样！

}                He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his backyard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko’s house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find that the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain!

}                Had better:

   都知道表示最好怎样的意思。
W:I‘m taking John to that fancy new restaurant tonight.
M:You can’t go like that,You‘d better change.
W: 我今晚要带John 去那家新开的饭店。

   M: 你最好换套衣服再去。

}                W:Do I have to type this application?
M:You‘d better if you want to get the job.
W: 我需要打印这份申请吗？

     M: 最好是，如果你想得到这份工作的话。

}                (Being) Ashamed of having acted so rashly, 分词伴随

     这里是过去分词伴随，如果前面加上 being,就是现在分词伴随。所有的分词伴随不要给它分到底是属于让步状语伴随或是什么伴随，越分越学不好。像本课的. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. 你要是非要分清楚到底是什么样的状语的话，其实这两个句子已经界定它是什么原因状语。老外说话的时候根本不会区分它到底是什么样的状语。他知道这是分词，是表示伴随。所有的这种分词状语伴随，我通称分词伴随。过去分词伴随你把它看成省略了being 的话，它就是现在分词伴随。也就是说所有的分词伴随都可以通称为现在分词伴随。

}            Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or Dad, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income.

}            Appreciate:

在这里我要表达的意思是表示感激，感谢。

I really appreciate this/that/your concern.

concern在这里是关心的意思。这句话就是说我真的很感谢你

的关心

I owe you one/big.

我欠你一个人情/我欠你一个大人情。

Your reply will be greatly appreciated.

这里的appreciate是写信时候用的。意思是如果你能回信的

话，我会觉得特别好。

}            Of course

表达的是当然的意思，但是在口语中用得最多的是这几个词——                              

}            sure/why not/certainly/totally/absolutely 
Course: course code

course在这里是课，你选的课这样的意思。course code是

你选的课的代码，比如说—— 

(SOCI1105—INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY )

SOCI 是INTRO TO SOCIALOGY这门课的缩写，SOI11O5就

是这门课的course code。  

selective courses, required courses

      选修课             必修课       

}            Income:                                                      

financial accounting

金融会计。financial accounting 具有三个非常重要的金融报表——

income statement, balance sheet, cash flow

如果你明白这三个报表怎么写，能看懂，那么你就明白整个financial accounting 的框架

}            With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes.

}            Go: go /come/take/get

这些词都是万能动词，对他们的掌握完全是一种实力。没有什么技巧，多留意就行了。

That’s how it goes.

That’s how it works.

That’s the way it is.        

}            come:

有时候聊天的时候，老外会说，中国人也会说，改革开放以来，中国经济发展很快。这句话是一个老外跟

我说的——

China has come a long way economically since 1980’s.

1980年代以来，中国经济的确有长足的进步。

}            Sweets: sweetie、sweet heart

sweet,在本课我要引出的词是 sweetie ,sweet heart。sweetie 本身这个词有乖宝贝的意思，这个词可以说

一般只用在恋人之间。sweet heart 也有这个意思，但是它的用途比较广，还有类似的 dear，比如你说你

去办事，碰到一位老太太，她可能说话的时候会喊你dear, sweetheart，这个只是说明老太太人比较

nice，没有其他什么意思。

sweet—suite

photoshop  (CS 3= Creative Suite 3)

suite 是和 sweet 发音相同的一个词，像 photoshop  (CS 3= Creative Suite 3)，在这里suite 是package

的意思。CS 3 是一个软件组合，就是flash, fireworks, photoshop,dreaweaver 之类的创作组合。

}            Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate. My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty.

}            A nice big bar of chocolate→

a special type of grease

在这里要注意一种形容的习惯，中文会说，一块又大又好的巧克力，nice big 会紧跟在chocolate前面。但

英语是这样说的，形容词是放在 bar 的前面。同样的顺序在本课中还有，像a special type of grease，而

不是说 a type of  special grease。

}            Always: 

这个词每个人都知道是什么意思，但似乎美国人才会这样去用，不是说很偏，而是很多人没有学到这种境

界而已。如：                                                                                  

I like you for ever.                                                                  

I love you for always.

这里的ever  和 always 是并列的，这样就比较好理解这句话，很美的一句话。

}            Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain.

}            found their way there:

found one’s way there,这样的组合最好是用英文去解释，它的英文解释是——

Reach a destination, especially with some difficulty.

就是说你要到达目的地是有点困难的，不是很顺利的到达目的地。

}            Dropped:

这里我要说的是drop off ，托福听力上的一段对话

A:Where do you want me to drop you off?

B:Right here is fine. 

A: 你要我在哪里让你下车呢？

B：就在这下车。

}            DROP COURSES 、ADD COURSES

比如说这学期你选的课比较多，觉得学不完，那么这时候你可以去掉一些课，就是DROP COURSES ，加

课就是ADD COURSES

}            Bounced: NSF Checks

在国外，如果你去收支票的地方，通常会看到这几个字“NSF”,它是 non sufficient funds 的缩写，就是

指空头支票。   

check bounced/ returned

如果说你给别人一张支票是1000快，而你的帐户里边只有900块，不足以支付支票的钱，那么这个时候

支票就会被退回来，即是 check bounced/returned。这种不够钱的支票也可以说成——

bad check

Could check and see if this (check)is still good?

这个是在银行跟 bank tell 说的一句话。你能不能看看这张支票里面够不够钱存呢？

}            George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighter freed George using a special type of grease.

}            Get … out →stuck

不能get out, 就是 stuck。

}            Greasy

如果说头发擦摩丝之类的，搞得油光大量，那么这样的头发就可以说是 greasy。

}            using a special type of grease …

这里的using 用的是分词伴随，与下面的40课出现的句子不同，下边的这个using 是与 two workmen 相

关，而不是与 student 有关。要明白这种区别。

When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, …(lesson40)

}            George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.

}            Heard: overhear

听到。overhear 是指无意听到。

A:I’m sorry, I couldn’t help overhearing. Are you marrying that guy?

B:That’s correct.

A:Ok, you good luck!

A: 对不起啊，我无意听到你说要和那个男人结婚？

B: 是啊

A: 那好，祝你 好运！

}                There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for ‘protection.’ If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop. Obtaining ‘protection money’ is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.

}                There was a time：
There are times when we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives, …
(lesson27)

}                out of business：
Bankrupt

}                Six hundred years ago, Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.

}                hire：
fire

}                Economics Basics:
macroeconomics/ microeconomics

Supply and demand
opportunity cost
production possibility frontier
price elasticity
monopoly

}                In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them. Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a pictured painted which was dedicated to the memory of ‘the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue.‘

}                In times of：
in times of peace / in times of real need
(lesson27)

}                Offer：/ job (offer不是提供)
I offered to marry you, you threw it in my face.
 

}                Dedicated to:

this publication is dedicated to Professor Paul on the occasion of his 80th birthday

}  After her husband had gone to work, Mrs. Richards sent her children to school and went upstairs to her bedroom. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a fancy-dress part with her husband.

}  Upstairs:
I really miss upstairs.
这个词在在这的意思是，我挺想念在楼上的日子，或者说在楼下时间长了，挺想回到楼上。

}  Fancy:
How fancy is fancy?
在国外，有一次数学考试的时候，教授说，大家不要带比较fancy 的计算器。因为现在的计算机功能比较多，有的题用计算器就可以算出来。我当时就问老师，“How fancy is fancy?”对这个fancy的定义到底是什么，怎么样才算是fancy。这种结构可以套出很多句子，像how big is big,多大才算大呢，或多优秀才是优秀呢——
How excellent is excellent?

}  She intended to dress up as a ghost and as she had made her costume the night before, she was impatient to try it on. Though the costume consisted only of a sheet, it was very effective. After putting it on, Mrs. Richards went downstairs. She wanted to find out whether it would be comfortable to wear.

}  Effective：
Cost- effective/it defeats the purpose
 cost-effective 是一个形容词，它的意义是做的事情产生的效果要比付出的多，就是值得一做。这次词本来是来自counting，因为公司做帐的好处大于投入，劳动，工资薪水。It defeats the purpose,就是中文得不偿失的意思，就是说它打败目的了，你做不如不做。

}  Comfortable:
Make yourself comfortable./Be at home.
这句话是当客人来了，你说你怎么舒服怎么做，当自己家一样，这样的意思。
I’ll give you guys one moment to get acquainted.
如果你介绍了两个人，想给他们点空隙彼此熟悉一下，便这样可以这样说。在第41课，有一个acquainted 这个词的名词，它翻译成熟人，其实不是很合适。但是从这句话你可以知道它为什么要这样翻译。

}  Wear:
I told you I should not wear this color.
我告诉过你我不应该穿这个颜色，不好看。
Normal wear and tear

     指正常磨损。

}  Just as Mrs. Richards was entering the dinning room, there was a knock on the front door. She knew that it must be the baker. She had told him to come straight in if ever she failed to open the door and to leave the bread on the kitchen table.

}  Bake:
bake/ toast
我相信这两个词很多人都不知道有什么区别。烤箱下面，就是烤箱里面是用来烤东西，用来加热的。它上面和下面都由电热丝发红，发热来烤东西。bake 和 toast的区别是，一个是上面发热，一个是下面发热。

}  bread:
White or whole wheat?
比如你去一些卖面包的咖啡的地方时，人家会问你“white or whole wheat?”你要什么样的面包，这个在北美买面包的时候是经常会听到的。
You are the best thing since sliced bread!

   自从有了切片面包以来，你是最好的。这句话实际上是用来夸人的。

}  Not wanting to frighten the poor man, Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the front door open and heavy footsteps in the hall. Suddenly the door of the storeroom was opened and a man entered.

}  Not wanting to frighten the poor man
分词伴随
这里我要强调的是wanting to是分词表伴随，前面加一个not ，也只是形式的不同而已。

}  Hid:
hide and seek

   捉迷藏

}  Mrs. Richards realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the metre. She tried to explain the situation, saying ‘It’s only me’, but it was too late. The man let out cry and jumped back several paces. When Mrs. Richards walked towards him, he fled, slamming the door behind him.

}  Board :
boarding pass

   登机牌
board of directors/shareholders

   board of directors 是董事会，因为它的意思实际上是shareholder,即是拿着share 的股东。

}  Metre:
parking metre

   parking metre,国外非常多，中国现在也有了。