}  In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable.

}  Tourists:
What are the major tourist attractions in Hong Kong?
香港有什么好玩的地方？tourist attractions 旅游景点
What would you recommend I see in Hong Kong?

   你推荐我到哪里去玩？与上一例子意思一样。

}  But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers. Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable — as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans. We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity. These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well.

}  cut off :

   指一个是时间点
12 o’clock is the cut-off. (hotel check out)

    宾馆退房时都有一个这样的cut-off。譬如，12点退房，过了这个时间点加算半天等。

}  On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town. This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside.

}  Departure:
What are the departure times?
什么时候出发？这是问飞机，交通等出发的句子
The plane departs every hour on the hour.
飞机每整点起飞。
The plane departs every hour at 30 minutes past the hour.
飞机每小时半点起飞。

}  Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood. We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees. We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream. We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.

}  you have no idea what this means to me!
你想像不到这对我意味着什么。
Do you have any idea how painful it is to tell someone that you love them and not have them say it back?

   你知不知道你跟一个人说你爱爱他，但他从没有对你说过同样的话，这是一种多疼痛的事情？这话的结构非常好，词和结构都很简单，但是它的语气和丰富变幻的句子结构是英语非母语的人真正要学的东西。

}  Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.

}  spotted : catch sight of /detect with the senses
忽然间看到/感知到。这个词本书出现了好几次——
a wild puma had been spotted

forty-five miles south of London,…  (lesson 1)spotted

by a lookout.  (lesson10)spotted

a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case…(lesson11) spotted

by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. (lesson42)
 

}  The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses. Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks.

}  Small    >tiny    > petite    >wee
这四个词都是表示小，以上按大小顺序排列

}  We can’t be consumed by our petty differences anymore.

   这是电影《独立日》总统在鼓励地球人跟外星人打仗时说的一句话。他的意思是：现在面临的是人类的灭亡，我们必要再因为小事情互相磨损。就是说这些小事和跟外星人打仗比起来是petty differences。

}  The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby. Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch. All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm.

}  All at once :

   它就等于 all the sudden /suddenly 突然间
I wish I could be in 2 places at once.

   我希望我能同时出现在两个地方。就是说我希望我能分身。

}  Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate. We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless. I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down the main street of the villager, we were followed by a silent procession of children.

}  Shy:
Don’t be shy

.shy

.
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳
Once a cheater, always a cheater.

   一次不忠诚，永远都不忠诚；因为本性比江山还难改

}  The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life. Faces appeared at windows. Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways.

}  Peer:
Dealing With Peer Pressure

   peer pressure 是指同行的，同辈的，朋友的压力；比如同学都上大学了，你考不上；别人都发财了，你没有，这种压力就是peer pressure。
International Peer Program

   你到国外上学时，刚刚去可能会有一些高年级的同学过来跟你交交朋友，有什么需要帮忙的这样的一些东西。没有什么用处。

}  The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard. There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. We needed no further warning. Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.

}  further :
We need further confirmation.
我们需要进一步的确认一下。

}  A: you’re going too slow.
B: no ,I’ m not ,sir. this is a 60 miles-per-hour zone. I don’t want to speed. if I get a ticket for speeding, that will further delay your arrival at the airport.

   有一次我去机场，因为怕赶不上，我对司机说“you’re going too slow.”司机说，我现在说他要是再开快点就会被开罚单，这样只会更耽误你到机场。

}  Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us. Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.

}  Overwhelm:

   指很多东西排山倒海那样过来，让你压力很大，无法应对。
A:You are looking a little overwhelmed.
B: No wonder, I got a million things to do and all of them have to be finished in the next twenty minutes.

   A: 你看起来压力很大。

   B：这也难怪，我有很多事情要做。而且20分钟内都要完成。

}  However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation.

}  Alarm:

   alarm/alarm clock 可以作为闹钟，闹铃讲。
She never wakes up before her alarm goes off.
她从来都没有在闹钟响之前醒来过。
I was late up studying and I overslept again. I guess I need a louder alarm clock.

   我晚上熬夜，今天又睡过头了。我想我需要一个声音更大点的闹钟。

}  A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) that dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike.

}  on a scale ranging from 1 to 7 :

   口语里面都不要这个ranging ，ranging from 1 to 7,从1到7按顺序排列，可以指程度上的大小。
A:How drunk do you think he is, on a scale from 1 to 10.
B:12.

   A: 你觉得他有多醉，从1到10？（有多醉，到哪个程度）

   B: 12. （指醉得不行，烂泥了都）  

}  Industrialized farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. The use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables. The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and wisteria in dairy products. And if you think you’ll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you’re eating fresh salads and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!

}  Mad Cow Disease

   疯牛病
Foot and Mouth Disease

   口蹄疫
Bird Flu
禽流感

}  vegetarian pizza

    vegetarian是吃素，不吃荤的人；vegetarian pizza 素的，不含荤的pizza。

}  Lawn mowers whining on a summer’s day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet villages, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume.

}  noisy neighbors :
M:Look,I’m sorry to bother you about this,but could you turn that music down?
W:Sorry,I didn’t realize you could hear it.

   M: 不好意思，你能不能把音乐放小一些？

   W: 对不起，我没有意识到给你造成麻烦了。

}  New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.

}  Interrupt:

   打扰
Am I interrupting anything?
有时候别人在说话，你打电话过去，为了表示礼貌，可以说这样的话。
You are interrupting my dinner.
你正在吃饭，别人忽然打了一个推销电话，你就可以用这句话。
I’m sorry to call/disturb you at this late/early hour.

   这也是属于比较客气的话。

}  The noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. It turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders. It was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore. This figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their sixties.

}  the worst/the best
What ’s the worst that could happen?
这句话的意思是，我们退一万步来讲，最坏的事是什么/最糟糕的是什么？我有一回和朋友去看医生，因为他的肺刚做过手术三个星期。他想要飞机，就问医生我能不能做飞机，医生说最好再等四个星期。他就问了医生这样一句话，医生回答了一个字“die”。
That may be for the best.

   这句话的意思是，可能那样的是最好的/可能也只有这样了。这句话老外经常说。

}  Against these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners. Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.

}  Constant  n.(常数)
做名词时，可以表示数学的常数。

}  You don‘t need to fill these silences.
你没必要没话找话。
Can I get a refill please?
这里的refill 是指饮料，酒喝完了，想要别人再给你倒满
write out/fill prescriptions

   医生开处方就是write out prescriptions，拿着处方去拿处方药就是fill prescriptions

}  So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less dependent on specialized labour. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for these are countless do-it-yourself publications. Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes. Men, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture.

}  Suggested publication categories

   上架建议。比如说一本书，你要放在书店的哪个分类，学科里面卖

}  Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.（lesson2）

   本课的armed with 和第二课出现过的这个，不要把它翻译成装备，把它理解成带着，拿着就行了，把它当成分词伴随。

}  Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers. Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home. Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.

}  go so far:

   这是几个表示太过分的说法——
That’s going too far.
You’ve gone too far.
That’s too much.

}  Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything. Even men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and mechanics. When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right. The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong. It is a question of pride as much as anything else.

}  born :
it‘s not really something you can learn, It’s pretty much something you‘re born with.
这不是你能学的，这基本上是天生的。
Do you think I was born yesterday?

   你认为我是昨天刚出生吗；就是说，你认为我是傻子吗，你以为我是三岁小孩吗？

}  Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower. It had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it. I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself.

}  get round/around to

   抽空；找时间做某事
did you ever get around to cashing that refund check from the bookstore?
你有没有去，把退款的支票变成现金？Refund check 是以支票的方式退换；如果把支票在银行直接换成现金，这个动词是cash。
I’ve been meaning to get my eyes checked. I just haven’t gotten around to it yet.

   我一直想去检查一下眼睛，但一直都没有空。

}  One Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it. As far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new. Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple. The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it. The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower.

}  I’m not quite sure.
Not quite yet.

   这两句话的not quite 意思是——
Not completely/totally/entirely/really/actually

}  But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble. One of links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped. After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again. I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere.

}  M:what‘s wrong with Herald today? he snapped even no reason.
W:don‘t worry, it’s just the end of the semester pressure. he‘ll be his old self next week.
M：Herald 今天怎么了？好像没有什么原因地蹦快了/泄气了。

    W: 不要担心，现在是学期末，大家压力都很大。下个星期他就会变成原来的自己。

}  M: Harry seems to be in a bad mood today.
W: He’ll snap out of it when he finishes his biology project this afternoon.

    M：Harry 今天好像心情不大好。

    W：等他自己完成了他的生物project，他就会从这种不好的状态跳出来。

     snapped 这个词本来是指拉链，链条掉了这样的一个动作，但从这两个口语对话中可以看出，不同的用法，它表达的意思是大大不一样的。

}  I gave up in despair. The weeks passed and the grass grew. When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow. Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle. Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn mower which I have promised to repair one day.

}  Nagging works.
nag 唠叨，罗嗦。如果你经常唠叨你的朋友，然后有一天发现他真的改进了，这种就叫做 nagging works。

}  rust
A: I hear you’re quite proficient on the violin.
B: I’m pretty rusty after all these years.

   A: 我听说你的violin 玩得不错。

   B:  那么多年没碰了，现在也生疏了。

}  In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused.

}  Democratic：

   形容词
Democracy 

   名词；民主。美国的两大政党——
Democratic-Republican Party

   民主党；共和党
The administration
 执政党

}  Restrict：
Restrictions→PayPal  security
限制。比如说paypal，国内叫“贝宝”，它是一个网络付款的东西。它有一个保护措施，当你的帐号发现有可以的东西时，它会给你加一些限制，如不能网外划钱，或者划钱时要求一定的数额；这种限制就是restrictions。

}  Abused：

    本课的abused 是指滥用；这里我要说的是虐待，虐待动物——
Animal Abuse

}  Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events. Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.

}  untold suffering：

    不可言喻，说不出的苦处，痛苦
Unsung heroes
无名英雄；还没被歌颂，没被赞扬的英雄

}  Private: privacy
private conversation

    比较隐私的对话，就像just between you and me 的那种
Can I talk to you in private?
我能不能单独和你聊聊？难过这话很常用

}  Major: minor

    大部分，反义词minor ;名词——
majority/minority

    投票时，少数服从多数，这个多数就是majority

}  The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota.

}  fortune：
A:It‘s going to cost a fortune to get my car fixed.
B:Why don’t you just trade it in for a new one.
A: 估计这一次修车要花很多钱。

   B：你为什么不以旧换新呢？

    cost a fortune 花很多钱； trade it in 在这里是指把旧的车换点钱，然后再加点去买新的。

}  The power of :
The power of Java/OpenSource/time/love
Java的威力,力量    开元 /时间/爱 的力量                  
OpenSource CMS → Mambo (php+mysql) 
→ Power in simplicity
CMS 内容管理系统。比较有名的内容管理系统有Mambo,它的动态编程用的是php，数据库用的是mysql。这两个的组合也是现在最流行的组合。Power in simplicity 这是mambo 的口号，即是既简单又强大。
Outsourcing → Toyota → just-in-time inventory system

    比如说你公司的网站是请别的公司做的，就叫做outsourcing .像Toyota 这个公司，它现在提倡的是零库存，订单来了才开造。它很多产品都是依靠别的产业，这个就是一个非常outsourcing 的公司。

}  As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. They were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives. The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.

}  Poverty:
(below the) poverty line
 poverty line 贫困线；贫困线之下：below the poverty line

}  (Being) unnoticed：分词伴随

   这样的，句子后面放着名词，形容词或者是过去分词，你都可以把它当成是分词伴随，把这个词当作前面省略了 being 就行了。

}  Quintuplets:
triplets

}  The rise to fame was swift. Television cameras and newspaper carried the news to everyone in the country. Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs.Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but room baby food and soap manufacturers who wished to advertise their products. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by new $500,000 home.

}  The old farmhouse the family lived in：
I can‘t believe we have to say goodbye to the house we grew up in.
这是从句以介词结尾。这种句子很少英语不是母语的人会这样说，一般英语母语的人常这样说。
You are the person I was meant to spend the rest of my life with.

   你是注定要和我度过余生的人。

}  Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences. While the five babies were babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.

}  their parents were paying the price for fame:
pay off
pay off，是指付出了，得到回报
A: I’ve been working out at the gym since January. So… I’ve been wanting to get in
batter shape.

   in good shape 身材好；better shape 身材更好
B: You looked terrific! Seems like all your hard work has paid off.

    你看着不错，好像你所有的努力都得到了回报。

}  It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value. Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.

}  Commercialization：
Commercial–Commercialize-Commercialization         
global-globalize-globalization

}  Acquired：

   公司与公司之间的兼并可以叫acquired。
Youtube.com
Google just acquired us

   像google 当时买下youtube.com时，youtube 的两个创始人当时出来说话时，就用了这个词： Google just acquired us ，意思是，google 刚把我们买下。
Adobe acquire →macromedia

   adobe 当时买下macromedia，这种行为也是 acquire。

}  People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.

}  travelling：
Have you been travelling lately?
你最近有没有去旅行？这是有一次我感冒去看医生，医生问了我这样的话。因为当时有非典，可能会因为旅行而染上感冒。
Have you been drinking?  
我经常晚上喝了点酒，然后开车去学校接同学。有一次老师忍不住问了我这样的话。

}  long distances:
local calls / long-distance calls (area code)
本地电话  /    长途电话              区号

}  decide:
You decide! 

    相当于it’s up to you 你来决定
decision-making/decision-makers

    决策，这个词本来就是一门课的名字，讲的是一些案例分析；

     / 做决定的人

}  Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches.

}  off:

   很多时候表脱落
just off the top of my head.

   我要表达一些东西，但不是经过深思熟虑的，只是脑海里闪了一下，就是这个说法。
It won’t come off!

    如果你用钢笔或者圆珠笔在手上画东西，然后又洗不掉，这就是 it won’t come off 。
Get your hands off me!

   把你的手拿开！
Hats off to you!

   脱帽对你表示致敬！这里的脱用off 来表达这层含义
use your head!/ think!

    动动脑，想一想，等于 think

}  At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.

}  Inevitably:
inevitable/unavoidable
不可避免的

}  almost exhausted:
you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
The fact would have passed unnoticed.

   像这种句子，红色部分可以看成是分词伴随，放在句子的最后。这种词不止可以是过去分词，还可以是名词，形容词。

}  Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.

}  The greater part of:
My part of the job is done.
这个事情，我负责的那部分做完了。
For women, kissing is as important as any part of it.
这个是电视剧几个男女生在讨论事情的时候说的，女生说，kissing 这个过程和其他过程一样重要，但是几个男生不同意
The most beautiful part of the game is you get to make up the rules.
这个game最好的地方就是，你来制定规则。

}  By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food — always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.

}  Calm:
calm down/cool off
这是安慰人的。表示“消消气；平静下来”

}  Stretch:
stretch/scratch

   伸展  /  划伤
from scratch
venture=doing business from scratch

   有一次商科上，老师让我们组做一个 venture, venture这样的项目就是一开始假装你们什么都没有，然后去考虑公司的accounting ，marketing,  human research 怎么做。Doing business from scratch 一开始什么都没有，有一种万丈高楼平地起的感觉。

}  If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travlling by sea.

}  seasick :

    晕船
Didn’t you suffer airsickness?
你坐飞机会不会呕吐？
I’m feeling jet lag.
时差没有倒过来引致的不舒服
Aren’t you jet-lagged?
你是不是还没有倒过来时差？

}  no form of transport could be worse:

   否定+比较级表示最高级；指没有比这更差劲的交通了
nothing could be further from the truth.
 这个是表示，与事实错得太远了。比如在表达观点时，你觉得别人说的错得不能再错，与事实离得太远了，不靠谱，就可以说这句话。
I can’t agree with you more.
这个大家比较熟悉，就不解释了
Never prettier! (how do I look today,  honey? )

    漂亮得不能再漂亮了。早上起来，要是女朋友问你“how do I look today,  honey? ” 你就可以这样回答她。

}  Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly.

}  Match:

   匹配
(java+oracle) unmatchable combination
我有一次在oracle 的官方网站看到这样的一句话，就是指java+oracle 这种组合是不会再有的匹配了，功能非常强大。

}  Obtaining ‘protection money’ is not a modern crime.

    这里我要强调的还是动名词。这里obtaining加上ing 就变成了收保护费这样的一件事情。对这种东西，不要死记，一定要明白这种结构。

}  For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied.

}  Champagne:
they are popping the champagne too soon.
他们开香槟酒开得太早了。就是指还没确定胜局就先开心了。

}  Refinements:
refill ←→ refreshments

   有时候开party 时会买一些像瓜子、饮料等零食，这些零食就叫做refreshments 。refill 是指酒水喝完了，再添加些，加油也可用这个词。

}  An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky.

}  the sun shines brilliantly
这是一道托福听力题

}  Cloud:
Every cloud has a silver lining.
再不好的事情都会有你看得开的一点。
Look on the bright side.

   凡事往好的方面看；往好的方面想。

}  The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

}  one thing is certain：

   有一点可以肯定的是…。这个写作文表达观点的时候很好用。
Argumentative Essay

   协调不同的观点这样的作文
Persuasive Essay

    说服性的essay
Narrative Essay

   narrator 是旁白，那么这里是指叙述性的文章
Essay：tentative outline

   写essay时尝试列一个大概的轮廓，大纲

}  Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world. If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather.

}  Insurance：

   保险。北美的无论是医疗保险或是车的保险，整个保险制度都非常完善。有一次我和朋友开车出去，不小心和老外的车撞一下，大家都下车理论。这个老外说了这样的话——
L:Let’s not argue.
J:Why don’t we just exchange information and let our insurance companies take care of this?

   撞了车，交给保险公司就行了，什么都不用管。

}  Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay. It is not uncommon to hear that a shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique. Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide. It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair. The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip.

}  Common:
We have a lot in common.

    我们有很多相同之处；有很多共同语言
They have nothing in common.
这个是反过来的意思：没有什么共同语言，没什么好说的

}  Purchase: purchasing power  

    购买力
Authority: unauthorized  use of your CC

    unauthorized没有被授权使用。比如你拿着别人的信用卡，那么你就是没有被授权使用。
Annual: anniversary

    anniversary 名词 ，周年纪念

}  Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate. At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own. Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.

}  Celebrate：Celebrity

   名人
The American society constantly reassures the public that if you are not a celebrity, you are nothing.
美国社会不断地给公众这种印象，如果你不是名人，你就什么都不是。这是有一次听CNN的时候记下来的。
Autograph/Signature
名人的签名/所有的签名

}  The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish. Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish.

}  The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner, the owner/who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.
如果把The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish. 这段话还原的话，就是以上的这段话，意思是一样。只是行文的需要，所以把开头的owner和结尾的owner 用who 来替代，显得不罗嗦。

}  Garage：

   修车厂，下面这个是和它发音比较像的词
garbage 区别发音

}  They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem. The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it.

}  hauling it out of the water：动名词有无数个
这个是说把它从水里捞出来。但是不要死记住这句话，这是动名词的结构，动名词有无数个，主要是记住这样的结构。

}  They had little difficulty in finding it：
=They found it without too much difficulty.

}  Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. The dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank. For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.

}  Fix:

    修，维修
Time will fix.

    中文常说的时间长了就好了，时间长了就冲淡了，便是这个说法。
How time flies!

    时间过得真快！
Time and tide wait for no man.

     时间不等人
Time is the final equalizer.

     时间会让大家最后变得平衡（因为都会死）

}  Gently：
Be gentle!

    温柔一点
Be nice!

    好一点
Be cool!

    酷一点
Be yourself, but not too much!       

    做好你自己就行了，但别太过分

    这几个都是比较常见的。

}  The men were now obliged to try once more. This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains. The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal. The winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck. Several minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the service of the water.

}  Vertically：

   垂直的
Horizontally

   平行的

}  Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal. There was a danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. By working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.

}  Torrents：

   洪流
BT
Bit Torrent
 ↓     ↓
字节 滔滔不绝

   BT就是我们常常说的下载，这个词形容得特别好，表示下载得很快。