西方文化

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13 Apr 2009

西方文化的定义

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         西方文化（有时等同于西方文明或欧洲文明）的是用来指欧洲的文化血统。这个术语最初是作为描述希腊罗马文化和它的后代有何不同，而周边的旧文明中东地区，当时有一段时间这个术语在许多方面继续起到示范“西方”文明的作用。 
         所谓“西方文化”被非常广泛的使用，它指的是传统的社会规范，道德观念，传统习俗，宗教信仰，政治制度，以及具体的文物和技术。具体而言，西方文化可能意味着：

*一种希腊罗马古典和文艺复兴时期的文化影响力，其包括艺术，哲学，文学，法律等主题和传统，以及在各个领域传统的理性主义生活，由历史制定的希腊哲学，人道主义，科学革命和启蒙运动，并包括在政治思想 ，广泛合理主张人权，平等和民主价值观，专制主义，非理性和“神”等等这方面的改革。
*在后古典时代，圣经和基督教文化影响着精神思想，习俗和任何伦理或道德传统。
*中欧和东欧文化的影响包括艺术，音乐，民俗，伦理和口述传统。浪漫主义又使口述传统得到进一步的发展。

         西方文化的定义通常是与古老的西方世界定义联系在一起的。在这一定义中，西方文化是集文学，科学，政治，艺术和有别于其他文明的哲学原则。大部分的传统和知识是收集在西方圣典里。
        这个术语延伸到了由一些西欧移民和居民，如美洲，大洋洲等国家的使用，并不仅限于西欧。
         一些界定现代西方社会的倾向是指已存在着的政治多元化，突出的亚文化或反文化（如新时代运动） ，增加由全球化和人类移徙的文化融合。
Posted in 西方文化 | 22 Comments

22 Comments to “西方文化的定义”

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